Package nltk :: Package corpus :: Package reader :: Module api
[hide private]
[frames] | no frames]

Source Code for Module nltk.corpus.reader.api

  1  # Natural Language Toolkit: API for Corpus Readers 
  2  # 
  3  # Copyright (C) 2001-2011 NLTK Project 
  4  # Author: Steven Bird <sb@ldc.upenn.edu> 
  5  #         Edward Loper <edloper@gradient.cis.upenn.edu> 
  6  # URL: <http://www.nltk.org/> 
  7  # For license information, see LICENSE.TXT 
  8   
  9  """ 
 10  API for corpus readers. 
 11  """ 
 12   
 13  import os 
 14  import re 
 15   
 16  from nltk.compat import defaultdict 
 17  from nltk.data import PathPointer, FileSystemPathPointer, ZipFilePathPointer 
 18  from nltk.sourcedstring import SourcedStringStream 
 19   
 20  from util import * 
 21   
22 -class CorpusReader(object):
23 """ 24 A base class for X{corpus reader} classes, each of which can be 25 used to read a specific corpus format. Each individual corpus 26 reader instance is used to read a specific corpus, consisting of 27 one or more files under a common root directory. Each file is 28 identified by its C{file identifier}, which is the relative path 29 to the file from the root directory. 30 31 A separate subclass is be defined for each corpus format. These 32 subclasses define one or more methods that provide 'views' on the 33 corpus contents, such as C{words()} (for a list of words) and 34 C{parsed_sents()} (for a list of parsed sentences). Called with 35 no arguments, these methods will return the contents of the entire 36 corpus. For most corpora, these methods define one or more 37 selection arguments, such as C{fileids} or C{categories}, which can 38 be used to select which portion of the corpus should be returned. 39 """
40 - def __init__(self, root, fileids, encoding=None, tag_mapping_function=None):
41 """ 42 @type root: L{PathPointer} or C{str} 43 @param root: A path pointer identifying the root directory for 44 this corpus. If a string is specified, then it will be 45 converted to a L{PathPointer} automatically. 46 @param fileids: A list of the files that make up this corpus. 47 This list can either be specified explicitly, as a list of 48 strings; or implicitly, as a regular expression over file 49 paths. The absolute path for each file will be constructed 50 by joining the reader's root to each file name. 51 @param encoding: The default unicode encoding for the files 52 that make up the corpus. C{encoding}'s value can be any 53 of the following: 54 55 - B{A string}: C{encoding} is the encoding name for all 56 files. 57 - B{A dictionary}: C{encoding[file_id]} is the encoding 58 name for the file whose identifier is C{file_id}. If 59 C{file_id} is not in C{encoding}, then the file 60 contents will be processed using non-unicode byte 61 strings. 62 - B{A list}: C{encoding} should be a list of C{(regexp, 63 encoding)} tuples. The encoding for a file whose 64 identifier is C{file_id} will be the C{encoding} value 65 for the first tuple whose C{regexp} matches the 66 C{file_id}. If no tuple's C{regexp} matches the 67 C{file_id}, the file contents will be processed using 68 non-unicode byte strings. 69 - C{None}: the file contents of all files will be 70 processed using non-unicode byte strings. 71 @param tag_mapping_function: A function for normalizing or 72 simplifying the POS tags returned by the tagged_words() 73 or tagged_sents() methods. 74 """ 75 # Convert the root to a path pointer, if necessary. 76 if isinstance(root, basestring): 77 m = re.match('(.*\.zip)/?(.*)$|', root) 78 zipfile, zipentry = m.groups() 79 if zipfile: 80 root = ZipFilePathPointer(zipfile, zipentry) 81 else: 82 root = FileSystemPathPointer(root) 83 elif not isinstance(root, PathPointer): 84 raise TypeError('CorpusReader: expected a string or a PathPointer') 85 86 # If `fileids` is a regexp, then expand it. 87 if isinstance(fileids, basestring): 88 fileids = find_corpus_fileids(root, fileids) 89 90 self._fileids = fileids 91 """A list of the relative paths for the fileids that make up 92 this corpus.""" 93 94 self._root = root 95 """The root directory for this corpus.""" 96 97 # If encoding was specified as a list of regexps, then convert 98 # it to a dictionary. 99 if isinstance(encoding, list): 100 encoding_dict = {} 101 for fileid in self._fileids: 102 for x in encoding: 103 (regexp, enc) = x 104 if re.match(regexp, fileid): 105 encoding_dict[fileid] = enc 106 break 107 encoding = encoding_dict 108 109 self._encoding = encoding 110 """The default unicode encoding for the fileids that make up 111 this corpus. If C{encoding} is C{None}, then the file 112 contents are processed using byte strings (C{str}).""" 113 self._tag_mapping_function = tag_mapping_function
114
115 - def __repr__(self):
116 if isinstance(self._root, ZipFilePathPointer): 117 path = '%s/%s' % (self._root.zipfile.filename, self._root.entry) 118 else: 119 path = '%s' % self._root.path 120 return '<%s in %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, path)
121
122 - def readme(self):
123 """ 124 Return the contents of the corpus README file, if it exists. 125 """ 126 127 return self.open("README").read()
128
129 - def fileids(self):
130 """ 131 Return a list of file identifiers for the fileids that make up 132 this corpus. 133 """ 134 return self._fileids
135
136 - def abspath(self, fileid):
137 """ 138 Return the absolute path for the given file. 139 140 @type file: C{str} 141 @param file: The file identifier for the file whose path 142 should be returned. 143 144 @rtype: L{PathPointer} 145 """ 146 return self._root.join(fileid)
147
148 - def abspaths(self, fileids=None, include_encoding=False, 149 include_fileid=False):
150 """ 151 Return a list of the absolute paths for all fileids in this corpus; 152 or for the given list of fileids, if specified. 153 154 @type fileids: C{None} or C{str} or C{list} 155 @param fileids: Specifies the set of fileids for which paths should 156 be returned. Can be C{None}, for all fileids; a list of 157 file identifiers, for a specified set of fileids; or a single 158 file identifier, for a single file. Note that the return 159 value is always a list of paths, even if C{fileids} is a 160 single file identifier. 161 162 @param include_encoding: If true, then return a list of 163 C{(path_pointer, encoding)} tuples. 164 165 @rtype: C{list} of L{PathPointer} 166 """ 167 if fileids is None: 168 fileids = self._fileids 169 elif isinstance(fileids, basestring): 170 fileids = [fileids] 171 172 paths = [self._root.join(f) for f in fileids] 173 174 if include_encoding and include_fileid: 175 return zip(paths, [self.encoding(f) for f in fileids], fileids) 176 elif include_fileid: 177 return zip(paths, fileid) 178 elif include_encoding: 179 return zip(paths, [self.encoding(f) for f in fileids]) 180 else: 181 return paths
182
183 - def open(self, file, sourced=False):
184 """ 185 Return an open stream that can be used to read the given file. 186 If the file's encoding is not C{None}, then the stream will 187 automatically decode the file's contents into unicode. 188 189 @param file: The file identifier of the file to read. 190 """ 191 encoding = self.encoding(file) 192 stream = self._root.join(file).open(encoding) 193 if sourced: 194 stream = SourcedStringStream(stream, file) 195 return stream
196
197 - def encoding(self, file):
198 """ 199 Return the unicode encoding for the given corpus file, if known. 200 If the encoding is unknown, or if the given file should be 201 processed using byte strings (C{str}), then return C{None}. 202 """ 203 if isinstance(self._encoding, dict): 204 return self._encoding.get(file) 205 else: 206 return self._encoding
207
208 - def _get_root(self): return self._root
209 root = property(_get_root, doc=""" 210 The directory where this corpus is stored. 211 212 @type: L{PathPointer}""")
213 214 215 ###################################################################### 216 #{ Corpora containing categorized items 217 ###################################################################### 218
219 -class CategorizedCorpusReader(object):
220 """ 221 A mixin class used to aid in the implementation of corpus readers 222 for categorized corpora. This class defines the method 223 L{categories()}, which returns a list of the categories for the 224 corpus or for a specified set of fileids; and overrides L{fileids()} 225 to take a C{categories} argument, restricting the set of fileids to 226 be returned. 227 228 Subclasses are expected to: 229 230 - Call L{__init__()} to set up the mapping. 231 232 - Override all view methods to accept a C{categories} parameter, 233 which can be used *instead* of the C{fileids} parameter, to 234 select which fileids should be included in the returned view. 235 """ 236
237 - def __init__(self, kwargs):
238 """ 239 Initialize this mapping based on keyword arguments, as 240 follows: 241 242 - cat_pattern: A regular expression pattern used to find the 243 category for each file identifier. The pattern will be 244 applied to each file identifier, and the first matching 245 group will be used as the category label for that file. 246 247 - cat_map: A dictionary, mapping from file identifiers to 248 category labels. 249 250 - cat_file: The name of a file that contains the mapping 251 from file identifiers to categories. The argument 252 C{cat_delimiter} can be used to specify a delimiter. 253 254 The corresponding argument will be deleted from C{kwargs}. If 255 more than one argument is specified, an exception will be 256 raised. 257 """ 258 self._f2c = None #: file-to-category mapping 259 self._c2f = None #: category-to-file mapping 260 261 self._pattern = None #: regexp specifying the mapping 262 self._map = None #: dict specifying the mapping 263 self._file = None #: fileid of file containing the mapping 264 self._delimiter = None #: delimiter for L{self._file} 265 266 if 'cat_pattern' in kwargs: 267 self._pattern = kwargs['cat_pattern'] 268 del kwargs['cat_pattern'] 269 elif 'cat_map' in kwargs: 270 self._map = kwargs['cat_map'] 271 del kwargs['cat_map'] 272 elif 'cat_file' in kwargs: 273 self._file = kwargs['cat_file'] 274 del kwargs['cat_file'] 275 if 'cat_delimiter' in kwargs: 276 self._delimiter = kwargs['cat_delimiter'] 277 del kwargs['cat_delimiter'] 278 else: 279 raise ValueError('Expected keyword argument cat_pattern or ' 280 'cat_map or cat_file.') 281 282 283 if ('cat_pattern' in kwargs or 'cat_map' in kwargs or 284 'cat_file' in kwargs): 285 raise ValueError('Specify exactly one of: cat_pattern, ' 286 'cat_map, cat_file.')
287
288 - def _init(self):
289 self._f2c = defaultdict(set) 290 self._c2f = defaultdict(set) 291 292 if self._pattern is not None: 293 for file_id in self._fileids: 294 category = re.match(self._pattern, file_id).group(1) 295 self._add(file_id, category) 296 297 elif self._map is not None: 298 for (file_id, categories) in self._map.items(): 299 for category in categories: 300 self._add(file_id, category) 301 302 elif self._file is not None: 303 for line in self.open(self._file).readlines(): 304 line = line.strip() 305 file_id, categories = line.split(self._delimiter, 1) 306 if file_id not in self.fileids(): 307 raise ValueError('In category mapping file %s: %s ' 308 'not found' % (self._file, file_id)) 309 for category in categories.split(self._delimiter): 310 self._add(file_id, category)
311
312 - def _add(self, file_id, category):
313 self._f2c[file_id].add(category) 314 self._c2f[category].add(file_id)
315
316 - def categories(self, fileids=None):
317 """ 318 Return a list of the categories that are defined for this corpus, 319 or for the file(s) if it is given. 320 """ 321 if self._f2c is None: 322 self._init() 323 if fileids is None: 324 return sorted(self._c2f) 325 if isinstance(fileids, basestring): 326 fileids = [fileids] 327 return sorted(set.union(*[self._f2c[d] for d in fileids]))
328
329 - def fileids(self, categories=None):
330 """ 331 Return a list of file identifiers for the files that make up 332 this corpus, or that make up the given category(s) if specified. 333 """ 334 if categories is None: 335 return super(CategorizedCorpusReader, self).fileids() 336 elif isinstance(categories, basestring): 337 if self._f2c is None: 338 self._init() 339 if categories in self._c2f: 340 return sorted(self._c2f[categories]) 341 else: 342 raise ValueError('Category %s not found' % categories) 343 else: 344 if self._f2c is None: 345 self._init() 346 return sorted(set.union(*[self._c2f[c] for c in categories]))
347 348 ###################################################################### 349 #{ Treebank readers 350 ###################################################################### 351 352 #[xx] is it worth it to factor this out?
353 -class SyntaxCorpusReader(CorpusReader):
354 """ 355 An abstract base class for reading corpora consisting of 356 syntactically parsed text. Subclasses should define: 357 358 - L{__init__}, which specifies the location of the corpus 359 and a method for detecting the sentence blocks in corpus files. 360 - L{_read_block}, which reads a block from the input stream. 361 - L{_word}, which takes a block and returns a list of list of words. 362 - L{_tag}, which takes a block and returns a list of list of tagged 363 words. 364 - L{_parse}, which takes a block and returns a list of parsed 365 sentences. 366 """
367 - def _parse(self, s):
368 raise AssertionError('Abstract method')
369 - def _word(self, s):
370 raise AssertionError('Abstract method')
371 - def _tag(self, s):
372 raise AssertionError('Abstract method')
373 - def _read_block(self, stream):
374 raise AssertionError('Abstract method')
375
376 - def raw(self, fileids=None):
377 if fileids is None: fileids = self._fileids 378 elif isinstance(fileids, basestring): fileids = [fileids] 379 return concat([self.open(f).read() for f in fileids])
380
381 - def parsed_sents(self, fileids=None):
382 reader = self._read_parsed_sent_block 383 return concat([StreamBackedCorpusView(fileid, reader, encoding=enc) 384 for fileid, enc in self.abspaths(fileids, True)])
385
386 - def tagged_sents(self, fileids=None, simplify_tags=False):
387 def reader(stream): 388 return self._read_tagged_sent_block(stream, simplify_tags)
389 return concat([StreamBackedCorpusView(fileid, reader, encoding=enc) 390 for fileid, enc in self.abspaths(fileids, True)])
391
392 - def sents(self, fileids=None):
393 reader = self._read_sent_block 394 return concat([StreamBackedCorpusView(fileid, reader, encoding=enc) 395 for fileid, enc in self.abspaths(fileids, True)])
396
397 - def tagged_words(self, fileids=None, simplify_tags=False):
398 def reader(stream): 399 return self._read_tagged_word_block(stream, simplify_tags)
400 return concat([StreamBackedCorpusView(fileid, reader, encoding=enc) 401 for fileid, enc in self.abspaths(fileids, True)]) 402
403 - def words(self, fileids=None):
404 return concat([StreamBackedCorpusView(fileid, 405 self._read_word_block, 406 encoding=enc) 407 for fileid, enc in self.abspaths(fileids, True)])
408 409 #------------------------------------------------------------ 410 #{ Block Readers 411
412 - def _read_word_block(self, stream):
413 return sum(self._read_sent_block(stream), [])
414
415 - def _read_tagged_word_block(self, stream, simplify_tags=False):
416 return sum(self._read_tagged_sent_block(stream, simplify_tags), [])
417
418 - def _read_sent_block(self, stream):
419 return filter(None, [self._word(t) for t in self._read_block(stream)])
420
421 - def _read_tagged_sent_block(self, stream, simplify_tags=False):
422 return filter(None, [self._tag(t, simplify_tags) 423 for t in self._read_block(stream)])
424
425 - def _read_parsed_sent_block(self, stream):
426 return filter(None, [self._parse(t) for t in self._read_block(stream)])
427 428 #} End of Block Readers 429 #------------------------------------------------------------ 430